Method and system for improving the appearance of deinterlaced chroma formatted video

ABSTRACT

Herein described is a system and method for improving the appearance of video by generating an improved 4:2:2 chroma. The system comprises a 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator that regenerates 4:2:0 chroma given a received 4:2:2 chroma, and a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves and interpolates the regenerated 4:2:0 chroma to yield an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma. The system further comprises a blending system used for blending the adjusted 4:2:2 chroma with the received 4:2:2 chroma based on a control input provided by a motion indication signal. The method comprises regenerating a 4:2:0 chroma from a received 4:2:2 chroma using an algorithm. The method further comprises generating an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma using the regenerated 4:2:0 chroma using another algorithm. The method further comprises blending the adjusted 4:2:2 chroma with the received 4:2:2 chroma to generate an improved 4:2:2 chroma.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

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FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

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MICROFICHE/COPYRIGHT REFERENCE

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many consumer level video sources, such as DVDs and digitalcable/satellite carriers provide 4:2:0 chroma video to a video displayappliance. Subsequently, the video appliance converts the 4:2:0 chromavideo into 4:2:2 chroma video, such that it may be displayed using aninterlaced display. Additionally, the 4:2:2 chroma video may bedeinterlaced to provide progressive video at twice the original 4:2:0chroma frame rate.

When a typical 4:2:0 chroma frame is converted to 4:2:2 chroma frames,two 4:2:0 chroma fields are generated. The two 4:2:0 chroma fieldscomprise a top 4:2:0 chroma field and a bottom 4:2:0 chroma field.Subsequently, two corresponding top and bottom 4:2:2 chroma fields maybe generated by vertically interpolating their respective top and bottom4:2:0 chroma fields. Thereafter, the top and bottom 4:2:2 chroma fieldsare transmitted to a deinterlacer. The deinterlacer may deinterlace the4:2:2 chroma fields in one of two ways. The deinterlacer may “weave”chroma samples from adjacent fields to produce progressive video atdouble the previous frame rate, or it may “bob” (vertically interpolate)chroma from the pixels provided from each respective field.Unfortunately, either option causes undesirable artifacts.

When a deinterlacer performs a “weave”, 4:2:2 chroma sample points thatare spatially close to 4:2:0 sample points generate colors that aresimilar. However, the 4:2:2 chroma sample points that are distant from agiven 4:2:0 point are heavily interpolated between the two nearestavailable 4:2:0 chroma sample points, resulting in degradation ofpicture quality. When there is a sharp transition of color, from red togreen, for example, these heavily interpolated points appear a brownishcolor. If the deinterlacer weaves chroma from adjacent fields to createabsent pixel chroma, one may observe a “hanging chroma line” of brown inthe region that should be green, and another “hanging chroma line” ofbrown in the region that should be red, for example.

Alternatively, when a deinterlacer performs a “bob”, the output frameoriginating from the top field will transition vertically from green tored sooner compared to the bottom field originated output frame;however, the bottom field originated output frame remains greenvertically much longer until finally transitioning to red. In thisinstance, the differences that occur between top and bottom outputframes result in undesirable flickering.

The limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditionalapproaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, throughcomparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention asset forth in the remainder of the present application with reference tothe drawings.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the invention provide at least a system and a method forimproving the appearance of video by way of processing a received 4:2:2chroma. The processing generates an improved 4:2:2 chroma. The variousaspects of the invention are substantially shown in and/or described inconnection with at least one of the following figures, as set forth morecompletely in the claims.

These and other advantages, aspects, and novel features of the presentinvention, as well as details of illustrated embodiments, thereof, willbe more fully understood from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B are illustrative diagrams providing a representation of4:2:0 and 4:2:2 chroma samples (or pixels), respectively, for one ormore frames.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating typical interpolation and deinterlacingof 4:2:0 chroma formatted video.

FIG. 3 is a diagram that illustrates an improved method of regenerating4:2:2 chroma by weaving sample points in the top and bottom fields of4:2:0 chroma prior to interpolation, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a 4:2:2 chroma generation system thatgenerates an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an improved 4:2:2 chroma generation systemin accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6A is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating top field4:2:0 chroma from corresponding top field 4:2:2 chroma in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6B is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating bottomfield 4:2:0 chroma from corresponding bottom field 4:2:2 chroma inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7A is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating top field4:2:0 chroma from corresponding top field 4:2:2 chroma in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7B is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating bottomfield 4:2:0 chroma from corresponding bottom field 4:2:2 chroma inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram that illustrates 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generationthat employs the method described in connection with FIG. 3, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is an operational flow diagram illustrating a method ofgenerating improved 4:2:2 chroma in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating an improved4:2:2 chroma by substituting one or more chroma values of one or moreundesirable 4:2:2 chroma pixels with chroma values associated withdesirable 4:2:2 chroma pixels, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various aspects of the invention provide at least a system and method ofimproving the appearance of displayed video by way of processing 4:2:2chroma formatted video. Typically, the 4:2:2 chroma formatted video isobtained when field based 4:2:0 chroma formatted video is interpolatedto field based 4:2:2 chroma formatted video, by an MPEG decoder, forexample, and then subsequently deinterlaced. This typical processresults in undesirable artifacts. In accordance with the various aspectsof the invention, the 4:2:2 chroma formatted video is processed usingone or more algorithms such that these undesirable artifacts areremoved, resulting in a more accurate rendering of the 4:2:2 chromavideo. The algorithm that is applied to the 4:2:2 chroma may be based ona knowledge of how the 4:2:2 chroma was initially generated. Forexample, the system and method of the present invention may be appliedto 4:2:2 chroma that was initially generated using a 2-tap linearinterpolator. In this instance, the various aspects of the inventionutilize a first algorithm that accurately regenerates its corresponding4:2:0 chroma formatted video by way of solving a set of simultaneousequations that define a 2-tap linear interpolator, as will be describedin detail hereinafter. Subsequently, the regenerated 4:2:0 chromaformatted video (which is top and bottom field based) is weaved andinterpolated, in accordance with the various aspects of the invention,to yield 4:2:2 chroma formatted video having an improved appearance.When it is not known whether the 4:2:2 chroma was generated using a2-tap linear interpolator, a second algorithm is used to regenerate itscorresponding 4:2:0 chroma formatted video. The second algorithm employsa set of equations to generate the 4:2:0 chroma formatted video.Thereafter, the regenerated 4:2:0 chroma formatted video is weaved andinterpolated, in accordance with the various aspects of the invention,to yield 4:2:2 chroma formatted video providing an improved appearance.The benefits provided by the invention are best realized when thevarious aspects of the invention are applied to still or static 4:2:2chroma formatted video (i.e., video that displays no motion).

FIGS. 1A and 1B are illustrative diagrams providing a representation of4:2:0 and 4:2:2 chroma samples (or pixels), respectively, for one ormore frames. Luma samples are represented using a cross-hatch mark whilechroma sample positions are represented using circular marks. 4:2:0chroma (i.e., Cb and Cr) is sampled at half the horizontal and half thevertical resolution of the luma (Y) while 4:2:2 chroma (Cb and Cr) issampled at half the horizontal resolution but at equal the verticalresolution of the luma (Y). An MPEG decoder may, for example,interpolate the 4:2:0 chroma illustrated in FIG. 1A to obtain 4:2:2chroma illustrated in FIG. 1B. However, as will be seen in FIG. 2, the4:2:2 chroma generated contains undesirable artifacts.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating typical interpolation and deinterlacingof 4:2:0 chroma formatted video. A 4:2:0 chroma frame is converted intotop and bottom 4:2:0 chroma fields. Thereafter, the 4:2:0 chroma fieldsare vertically interpolated to generate corresponding top and bottom4:2:2 chroma fields. Referring to the 4:2:2 chroma fields, the endpointsof the arrows indicate what 4:2:0 chroma sample points (i.e., samples orpixels) were used in the vertical interpolation to generate the 4:2:2chroma field sample points. Subsequently, each of these top and bottom4:2:2 chroma fields are deinterlaced by “weaving” through the top andbottom 4:2:2 chroma fields to provide two identical progressive frames.The “weaving” produces the “deinterlaced chroma weave” shown in FIG. 2.4:2:2 chroma sample points that are interpolated from verticallyproximate 4:2:0 sample points produce a more accurate verticalinterpolation. On the other hand, 4:2:2 chroma sample points that aregenerated some distance from their nearest 4:2:0 sample points areheavily interpolated, yielding a less accurate vertical interpolation.Alternatively, deinterlacing of 4:2:0 chroma may be performed by“bobbing” (vertically interpolating) adjacent pixels or sample pointswithin their respective top or bottom 4:2:2 chroma fields. When“bobbing” is utilized as shown in the last two vertical sample pointcolumns of FIG. 2, a pair of successive pixels in a top or bottom fieldmay be used to compute the chroma value for a new pixel between thepair. Overall, the effect of either deinterlace method is to provide adoubling of the vertical chroma resolution. However, either method ofdeinterlacing produces undesirable artifacts.

If a deinterlacer “weaves” chroma from adjacent fields to create theabsent pixel chroma, one may see an artifact known as a “hanging chromaline”. A “hanging chroma line” may comprise a string of odd coloredpixels in a horizontal scan line of video.

Alternatively, a deinterlacer that employs “bobbing” will generateartifacts such as flickering. As may be seen in the right most frame ofFIG. 2, there is a disparity between adjacent frames when using the“deinterlaced chroma bob”. This results in a loss of picture definitionand results in flickering.

As a way of removing such undesirable artifacts, the various aspects ofthe invention process the 4:2:2 chroma back into its original 4:2:0chroma, such that the 4:2:2 chroma may be regenerated more accurately,yielding an improved appearance of the displayed video. Aspects of thepresent invention used for generating 4:2:2 chroma from the regenerated4:2:0 chroma are described in connection with FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a diagram that illustrates an improved method of regenerating4:2:2 chroma by weaving sample points in the top and bottom fields of4:2:0 chroma prior to interpolation, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention. After top and bottom 4:2:0 chroma fields are regenerated,adjacent pixels are woven in each respective field, to generate a 4:2:0chroma frame, as illustrated. Thereafter, the 4:2:0 chroma frame isinterpolated into progressive frames which may be referred to as“adjusted” 4:2:2 chroma frames. Each of the progressive frames hasfrequency equal to the 4:2:0 chroma field rate. The resulting adjusted4:2:2 chroma is illustrated in FIG. 3. As a result of performing a weaveprior to an interpolation, the result is a more precise rendering of4:2:2 chroma formatted video. The interpolation algorithm used togenerate the adjusted 4:2:2 chroma will be described with reference toFIG. 8.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a 4:2:2 chroma generation system thatgenerates an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention. The adjusted 4:2:2 chroma is generated in response toreceiving 4:2:2 chroma generated by a typical DVD player, for example.The 4:2:2 chroma generation system comprises a 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator 404 and a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator 408. The 4:2:2 to4:2:0 chroma regenerator 404 may receive 4:2:2 chroma provided by anMPEG decoder located within a DVD player, for example. The MPEG decodermay utilize a 2-tap interpolator for generating the 4:2:2 chroma.

Various aspects of the invention utilize the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator 404 to accurately reproduce the original 4:2:0 chroma thatwas used by the MPEG decoder. If it is known that an exemplary MPEGdecoder generated the 4:2:2 chroma using a 2-tap interpolator, the 4:2:2to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator 404 may reverse the operation performed bythe 2-tap interpolator, in order to obtain the original 4:2:0 chroma, aswill be described in connection with FIGS. 6A and 6B. Otherwise, the4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator 404 may employ an algorithm that willbe described in connection with FIGS. 7A and 7B. Also shown is analgorithm control input provided to the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator 504. The algorithm control input provides a signal thatdetermines the type of algorithm used by the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator 404.

After the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator 404 regenerates the 4:2:0chroma, the 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator 408 performs the weave andinterpolation previously described with reference to FIG. 3. As a resultof using the embodiment of FIG. 4, undesirable artifacts such as a“hanging chroma line” and/or “flickering” as was previously describedwith reference to FIG. 2, are minimized. Subsequently, the 4:2:0 to4:2:2 chroma generator 408 provides an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma output to ablending system. The blending system blends the adjusted 4:2:2 chroma tothe received 4:2:2 chroma based on the amount of motion present in thereceived video. The blending system will be described in connection withFIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an improved 4:2:2 chroma generation systemin accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The improved 4:2:2chroma generation system comprises a 4:2:2 chroma generation system 504and a blending system 508. The 4:2:2 chroma generation system 504 waspreviously described in connection with FIG. 4. As a consequence, thereader may refer to the details of the 4:2:2 chroma generation system504 previously described in connection with FIG. 4. A received 4:2:2chroma is input into the 4:2:2 chroma generation system 504 and anadjusted 4:2:2 chroma is output from the 4:2:2 chroma generation system504. The blending system 508 receives two inputs: a) the adjusted 4:2:2chroma provided by the 4:2:2 chroma generation system 504 and b) thenon-adjusted (originally received) 4:2:2 chroma (i.e., the signalprovided to the 4:2:2 chroma generation system 504). The blending system508 also receives a control input referred to as a chroma motion levelindicator. The chroma motion level indicator may provide a value thatdetermines the amounts of the adjusted 4:2:2 chroma and non-adjusted4:2:2 chroma that are blended by the blending system 508. When there isno motion in the received 4:2:2 chroma, the blending system 508 maygenerate a blend that uses little or none of the received 4:2:2 chromacompared to the adjusted 4:2:2 chroma. The amount of adjusted 4:2:2chroma used in creating the blend decreases with the amount of motionpresent in the received 4:2:2 video (or received 4:2:2 chroma). Theblending system 508 adds a selected amount of adjusted 4:2:2 chroma to aselected amount of 4:2:2 chroma to generate the proper blend. Theblending system 508 outputs the blend as an “improved 4:2:2 chroma”. Theblending system 508 may comprise any type of hardware and/or software.

FIG. 6A is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating top field4:2:0 chroma from corresponding top field 4:2:2 chroma in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention. The top field 4:2:2 chroma isgenerated by interpolating the top field 4:2:0 chroma, as indicated bythe arrows in FIG. 6A. The interpolation may be implemented using a2-tap linear interpolator. The 2-tap linear interpolator may be definedusing the following equations:

$A = {{\frac{5}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{8}\beta}}$$B = {{\frac{1}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{7}{8}\beta}}$where A and B represent an adjacent 4:2:2 chroma pixel pair in a topfield of 4:2:2 chroma while α a and β represent a corresponding pixelpair in a top field of 4:2:0 chroma. As shown in FIG. 6A, pixels α andβ, were used to generate pixels A and B. Given the chroma values for Aand B, the chroma values for α and β may be found by solving twosimultaneous equations, to yield:

$\alpha = {{\frac{7}{4}A} - {\frac{3}{4}B}}$$\beta = {{\frac{5}{4}B} - {\frac{1}{4}A}}$The 4:2:0 pixel pair α and β represents just one pair of one or morerepeating pairs in a top field 4:2:0 chroma of 4:2:0 chroma formattedvideo. Likewise, the 4:2:2 pixel pair A and B represent just one pair ofone or more repeating pairs in a top field 4:2:2 chroma of 4:2:2 chromaformatted video. The pixel pairs for each type of chroma format generatea repeating pattern throughout the chroma, as illustrated in FIG. 6A.

FIG. 6B is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating bottomfield 4:2:0 chroma from corresponding bottom field 4:2:2 chroma inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. The bottom field 4:2:2chroma is generated by interpolating the bottom field 4:2:0 chroma, asindicated by the arrows in FIG. 6B. The interpolation may be implementedusing a 2-tap linear interpolator. The 2-tap linear interpolator may bedefined using the following equations:

$C = {{\frac{7}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{1}{8}\phi}}$$D = {{\frac{3}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{5}{8}\phi}}$where C and D represent an adjacent 4:2:2 chroma pixel pair in a bottomfield of 4:2:2 chroma while ε and φ represent a corresponding pixel pairin a bottom field of 4:2:0 chroma. As shown in FIG. 6B, pixels ε and φ,were used to generate pixels C and D. Given chroma values for C and D,the chroma values for ε and φ may be found by solving two simultaneousequations, to yield:

$ɛ = {{\frac{5}{4}C} - {\frac{1}{4}D}}$$\phi = {{\frac{7}{4}D} - {\frac{3}{4}C}}$The 4:2:0 pixel pair, ε and φ, represent just one pair of one or morerepeating pairs in a bottom field 4:2:0 chroma of 4:2:0 chroma formattedvideo. Likewise, the 4:2:2 pixel pair, C and D, represent just one pairof one or more repeating pairs in a bottom field 4:2:2 chroma of 4:2:2chroma formatted video. The pixel pairs for each type of chroma formatgenerate a repeating pattern throughout the chroma, as illustrated inFIG. 6B.

The method of regeneration provided by the illustrative embodimentsshown in FIGS. 6A and 6B are used when it is determined that a 2-taplinear interpolator was used to generate the 4:2:2 chroma. If it isuncertain that a 2-tap linear interpolator was used, an alternate methodis used, as described in connection with the illustrative embodiments ofFIGS. 7A and 7B.

FIG. 7A is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating top field4:2:0 chroma from corresponding top field 4:2:2 chroma in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention. The 4:2:0 pixel pair (α and β) andthe 4:2:2 pixel pair (A and B) display the same spatial relationship asshown in FIG. 6A. However, the method of FIG. 7A also incorporates theuse of pixels in an adjacent repeating pair. The chroma values for pixelB⁻¹ and A₊₁, each originating from adjacent pixel pairs, are used todetermine the 4:2:0 chroma values for pixel pair, α and β. The 4:2:0chroma values for pixels α and β are interpolated using the followingequations:

$\alpha = {{\frac{3}{4}B_{- 1}} + {\frac{1}{4}A}}$$\beta = {{\frac{3}{4}B} + {\frac{1}{4}A_{+ 1}}}$

FIG. 7B is a diagram that illustrates a method of regenerating bottomfield 4:2:0 chroma from corresponding bottom field 4:2:2 chroma inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. The 4:2:0 pixel pair (εand φ) and the 4:2:2 pixel pair (C and D) display the same spatialrelationship as shown in FIG. 6B. However, the method of FIG. 7B alsoincorporates the use of pixels in an adjacent repeating pair. As shown,the chroma values for pixels D⁻¹ and C₊₁ of adjacent pixel pairs, areused to determine the 4:2:0 chroma values for pixel pair, ε and φ. The4:2:0 chroma values for pixels ε and φ are interpolated using thefollowing equations:

$ɛ = {{\frac{1}{4}D_{- 1}} + {\frac{3}{4}C}}$$\phi = {{\frac{1}{4}D} + {\frac{3}{4}C_{+ 1}}}$

Assuming a particular interpolation function when another interpolationfunction was used, results in unwanted artifacts. The method ofdetermining the 4:2:0 chroma values from 4:2:2 chroma values, presentedin FIGS. 7A and 7B, performs reasonably well regardless of the type ofinterpolation function that was originally used to create the 4:2:2chroma.

Because of the repeating pixel pattern defined by the spatialrelationships of the pixels, the following equations hold: α=β⁻¹ orβ=α₊₁ and ε=φ⁻¹ or φ=ε₊₁, etc. As previously discussed in reference toFIG. 4, the algorithm control input determines what algorithm will beapplied.

FIG. 8 is a diagram that illustrates 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generationthat employs the method described in connection with FIG. 3, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. Given the 4:2:0 chromavalues, α, β, ε, and φ, that are generated from either the embodimentsdescribed in connection with FIGS. 6A/6B or FIGS. 7A/7B, the 4:2:2chroma values, A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), and D_(new) may be determinedby way of the following equations:

$A_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}ɛ} + {\frac{3}{4}\alpha}}$$C_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{1}{4}\phi}}$$B_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{4}\phi}}$$D_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\phi} + {\frac{1}{4}\beta}}$As may be seen in FIG. 8, the values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), andD_(new) are vertically interpolated from the values α, β, ε, and φ.

Referring back to FIG. 4, the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator may becomprise any type of hardware and/or software capable of computing the4:2:0 chroma values defined by the equations associated with FIGS. 6A/6Band by the equations associated with FIGS. 7A/7B. Furthermore, the 4:2:0to 4:2:2 chroma generator may comprise any type of hardware and/orsoftware capable of computing the values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), andD_(new), that were previously defined by the equations that weredescribed with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 9 is an operational flow diagram illustrating a method ofgenerating improved 4:2:2 chroma in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. In a representative embodiment, the operational flow diagramof FIG. 9 is employed by the improved 4:2:2 chroma generation systempreviously described in connection to FIG. 5. At step 904, adetermination is made regarding the algorithm for accurately convertingthe received 4:2:2 chroma back into 4:2:0 chroma. A 2-tap linearinterpolator may be used if it is known that it was used as thealgorithm for producing the 4:2:2 chroma, for example. At step 908, anappropriate algorithm is selected for use by the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator of the improved 4:2:2 chroma generation system. Next, atstep 912, 4:2:0 chroma is generated by the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator. At step 916, adjusted 4:2:2 chroma is generated using a4:2:0 to 4:2:2 generator. The 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 generator utilizes a methodthat weaves top and bottom 4:2:0 chroma fields prior to performing aninterpolation. The 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 generator may apply the representativeillustrative embodiment previously described in reference with FIG. 3.Thereafter, at step 920, a blending system may be used to determine theappropriate blend of the received 4:2:2 chroma and the adjusted 4:2:2chroma. The correct blend may be based on the amount of motion presentin the received 4:2:2 chroma. A control signal referred to as a chromamotion level indicator may be input into the blending system, as a wayto adjust the blend. Finally, at step 924, an improved 4:2:2 chroma isoutput by the improved 4:2:2 chroma generation system by way of theblending system.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating an improved4:2:2 chroma by substituting one or more chroma values of one or moreundesirable 4:2:2 chroma pixels 1008, 1010 with chroma values associatedwith desirable 4:2:2 chroma pixels 1004, 1006, in accordance with anembodiment of the invention. A desirable 4:2:2 chroma pixel 1004, 1006is identified as being spatially vertically proximate to a 4:2:0 chromapixel. Since the 4:2:0 chroma pixel is used to generate itscorresponding 4:2:2 chroma pixel, the vertical proximity of the 4:2:0produces more accurate chroma values when interpolation is performed.Hence its associated 4:2:2 chroma is considered desirable. Referring toFIG. 10, one may see that in the deinterlaced chroma substitution weave(two right most pixel columns), the first 1004 and fourth 1006 of eachgroup of four sample points or pixels of the weave are verticallyproximate to a corresponding 4:2:0 pixel or sample point. The firstpixel 1004 originates from the top field while the fourth pixel 1006originates from the bottom field of the 4:2:0 chroma fields. In thisrepresentative embodiment, the first 1004 and fourth 1006 pixels of eachgroup of four are considered “good” pixels since they were verticallyinterpolated from a vertically proximate 4:2:0 sample point or pixel.However, the second 1008 and third 1010 pixels are substantiallyinterpolated from distant 4:2:0 pixels, as shown in FIG. 10. As aconsequence, the spatial interpolations of the second 1008 and third1010 pixels are substituted using the spatial interpolations obtainedfrom the first 1004 and fourth 1006 pixels. In a representativeembodiment, a weighted average of the chroma values of the desirablepixels 1004, 1006 (e.g., first and fourth pixels) is used as asubstitution value for one or more undesirable pixels 1008, 1010 (e.g.,the second and third pixels of this illustrative embodiment). The one ormore undesirable pixels 1008, 1010 are spatially located between thedesirable pixels 1004, 1006, as shown in FIG. 10. In a representativeembodiment, the weights of the weighted average may be chosen such thatthey are inversely proportional to the vertical distance between anundesirable pixel 1008, 1010 (e.g., the second or third pixel) and adesirable pixel 1004, 1006 (e.g., first or fourth pixel in thisillustrative embodiment). Overall, the substitution method provides4:2:2 post-processing method in which certain chroma values aresubstituted using more desirable values. The chroma substitution methoddescribed in this illustrative embodiment thereby generates an improved4:2:2 chroma.

While the invention has been described with reference to certainembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. In addition, manymodifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material tothe teachings of the invention without departing from its scope.Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to theparticular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include allembodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

1. A method of generating an improved 4:2:2 chroma comprising: receivinga 4:2:2 chroma; inputting said 4:2:2 chroma into a 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chromaregenerator; selecting an algorithm to be used by said 4:2:2 to 4:2:0chroma regenerator; using said algorithm to regenerate 4:2:0 chroma;weaving pixels from top and bottom fields of said 4:2:0 chroma togenerate a 4:2:0 chroma frame; interpolating values provided by said4:2:0 chroma frame to generate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma; inputting saidadjusted 4:2:2 chroma and said 4:2:2 chroma into a blending system usedfor blending two inputs; determining a first amount of said adjusted4:2:2 chroma and a second amount of said 4:2:2 chroma for said blending;and adding said first and second amounts to generate an improved 4:2:2chroma.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said algorithm utilizes thefollowing equations for regenerating said 4:2:0 chroma:${A = {{\frac{5}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{8}\beta}}},{B = {{\frac{1}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{7}{8}\beta}}},{C = {{\frac{7}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{1}{8}\phi}}},{D = {{\frac{3}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{5}{8}\phi}}},$wherein A, B, C, and D represent 4:2:2 chroma pixel values, and α, β, ε,and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 3. The method of claim 2wherein said equations are used if said 4:2:2 chroma was generated usinga 2-tap linear interpolator.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein saidalgorithm utilizes the following equations for regenerating said 4:2:0chroma: $\alpha = {{\frac{3}{4}B_{- 1}} + {\frac{1}{4}A}}$${\beta = {{\frac{3}{4}B} + {\frac{1}{4}A_{+ 1}}}},{ɛ = {{\frac{1}{4}D_{- 1}} + {\frac{3}{4}C}}},{\phi = {{\frac{1}{4}D} + {\frac{3}{4}C_{+ 1}}}},$wherein A, A₊₁, B, B₊₁, C, C₊₁, and D, D₊₁, represent 4:2:2 chroma pixelvalues, and α, β, ε, and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 5. Themethod of claim 1 wherein said determining is based on an input signalfor indicating the level of motion present in said 4:2:2 chroma.
 6. Amethod of processing a received 4:2:2 chroma formatted video to improvethe appearance of displayed video comprising: identifying undesirablepixels of said 4:2:2 chroma that are vertically interpolated usingchroma associated with vertically distant 4:2:0 pixels; and substitutingchroma values associated with said undesirable pixels of said 4:2:2chroma using a weighted average of one or more chroma values associatedwith one or more desirable pixels associated with said 4:2:2 chroma. 7.The method of claim 6 wherein a weight of one or more weights of saidweighted average is inversely proportional to the vertical distancebetween an undesirable pixel of said undesirable pixels and a desirablepixel of said one or more desirable pixels.
 8. A method of generating animproved 4:2:2 chroma comprising: regenerating 4:2:0 chroma from a 4:2:2chroma; weaving said 4:2:0 chroma to produce a 4:2:0 chroma frame;interpolating said 4:2:0 chroma frame to generate said adjusted 4:2:2chroma; and adding a determined first level of said 4:2:2 chroma to adetermined second level of said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma.
 9. The method ofclaim 8 wherein said interpolating is performed by way of using thefollowing equations:${A_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}ɛ} + {\frac{3}{4}\alpha}}},{C_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{1}{4}\phi}}},{B_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{4}\phi}}},{D_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\phi} + {\frac{1}{4}\beta}}},$wherein said values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), and D_(new) correspond tosaid adjusted 4:2:2 chroma, said values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), andD_(new) vertically interpolated from said values α, β, ε, and φ.
 10. Themethod of claim 8 wherein said regenerating is performed using thefollowing equations:${\alpha = {{\frac{7}{4}A} - {\frac{3}{4}B}}},{\beta = {{\frac{5}{4}B} - {\frac{1}{4}A}}},{ɛ = {{\frac{5}{4}C} - {\frac{1}{4}D}}},{\phi = {{\frac{7}{4}D} - {\frac{3}{4}{C.}}}}$wherein A, B, C, and D represent 4:2:2 chroma pixel values, and α, β, ε,and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 11. The method of claim 8wherein said regenerating is performed using the following equations:$\alpha = {{\frac{3}{4}B_{- 1}} + {\frac{1}{4}A}}$${\beta = {{\frac{3}{4}B} + {\frac{1}{4}A_{+ 1}}}},{ɛ = {{\frac{1}{4}D_{- 1}} + {\frac{3}{4}C}}},{\phi = {{\frac{1}{4}D} + {\frac{3}{4}C_{+ 1}}}},$wherein A, A₊₁, B, B⁻¹, C, C₊₁, and D, D⁻¹, represent 4:2:2 chroma pixelvalues, and α, β, ε, and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 12. Asystem for generating improved 4:2:2 chroma pixels comprising: a 4:2:2to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator for converting 4:2:2 chroma to 4:2:0 chroma;and a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves pixels from top andbottom fields of 4:2:0 chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame, said4:2:0 chroma frame subsequently used for interpolating one or morepixels to generate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma frame, wherein said 4:2:2 to4:2:0 chroma regenerator generates chroma values of top field 4:2:0chroma pixels, α and β, using corresponding chroma values from top field4:2:2 chroma pixels, A and B, by way of solving the followingsimultaneous equations:${A = {{\frac{5}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{8}\beta}}},{B = {{\frac{1}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{7}{8}\beta}}}$to yield the following equations:${\alpha = {{\frac{7}{4}A} - {\frac{3}{4}B}}},{\beta = {{\frac{5}{4}B} - {\frac{1}{4}{A.}}}}$13. A system for generating improved 4:2:2 chroma pixels comprising: a4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator for converting 4:2:2 chroma to 4:2:0chroma; and a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves pixels fromtop and bottom fields of 4:2:0 chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame,said 4:2:0 chroma frame subsequently used for interpolating one or morepixels to generate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma frame, wherein said 4:2:2 to4:2:0 chroma regenerator generates chroma values of bottom field 4:2:0chroma pixels, ε and φ, using corresponding chroma values from bottomfield 4:2:2 chroma pixel values, C and D, by way of solving thefollowing simultaneous equations:${C = {{\frac{7}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{1}{8}\phi}}},{D = {{\frac{3}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{5}{8}\phi}}}$to yield the following equations:${ɛ = {{\frac{5}{4}C} - {\frac{1}{4}D}}},{\phi = {{\frac{7}{4}D} - {\frac{3}{4}{C.}}}}$14. A system for generating improved 4:2:2 chroma pixels comprising: a4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator for converting 4:2:2 chroma to 4:2:0chroma; and a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves pixels fromtop and bottom fields of 4:2:0 chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame,said 4:2:0 chroma frame subsequently used for interpolating one or morepixels to generate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma frame, wherein said 4:2:2 to4:2:0 chroma regenerator generates chroma values from top field 4:2:0chroma pixels α and β, using corresponding top field 4:2:2 chroma pixelvalues associated with pixels A, A₊₁, B, and B⁻¹ by way of utilizing thefollowing equations: $\alpha = {{\frac{3}{4}B_{- 1}} + {\frac{1}{4}A}}$${\beta = {{\frac{3}{4}B} + {\frac{1}{4}A_{+ 1}}}},$ wherein said B⁻¹denotes a pixel with spatial relationship corresponding to B, said B⁻¹vertically positioned at one A/B pixel pair above B, and said A₊₁denotes a pixel with spatial relationship corresponding to A, said A₊₁vertically positioned at one A/B pixel pair below A.
 15. A system forgenerating improved 4:2:2 chroma pixels comprising: a 4:2:2 to 4:2:0chroma regenerator for converting 4:2:2 chroma to 4:2:0 chroma; and a4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves pixels from top and bottomfields of 4:2:0 chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame, said 4:2:0chroma frame subsequently used for interpolating one or more pixels togenerate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma frame, wherein said 4:2:2 to 4:2:0chroma regenerator generates chroma values from bottom field 4:2:0chroma pixels ε and φ, using corresponding top field 4:2:2 chroma pixelvalues associated with pixels C, C₊₁, D, and D⁻¹ by utilizing thefollowing equations: $ɛ = {{\frac{1}{4}D_{- 1}} + {\frac{3}{4}C}}$${\phi = {{\frac{1}{4}D} + {\frac{3}{4}C_{+ 1}}}},$ wherein said D⁻¹denotes a pixel with spatial relationship corresponding to D, said D⁻¹vertically positioned at one C/D pixel pair above D, and said C₊₁denotes a pixel with the spatial relationship corresponding to C, saidC₊₁ vertically positioned at one C/D pixel pair below C.
 16. A systemfor generating improved 4:2:2 chroma pixels comprising: a 4:2:2 to 4:2:0chroma regenerator for converting 4:2:2 chroma to 4:2:0 chroma; and a4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves pixels from top and bottomfields of 4:2:0 chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame, wherein said4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator computes said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma byusing the following equations:${A_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}ɛ} + {\frac{3}{4}\alpha}}},{C_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{1}{4}\phi}}},{B_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{4}\phi}}},{D_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\phi} + {\frac{1}{4}\beta}}},$wherein said values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), and D_(new) correspond tosaid adjusted 4:2:2 chroma, said values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), andD_(new) vertically interpolated from said values α, β, ε, and φ.
 17. Asystem for generating improved 4:2:2 chroma pixels comprising: a 4:2:2to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator for converting 4:2:2 chroma to 4:2:0 chroma;a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 chroma generator that weaves pixels from top and bottomfields of 4:2:0 chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame, said 4:2:0chroma frame subsequently used for interpolating one or more pixels togenerate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma frame; and a hardware and/or softwareused for blending said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma to said 4:2:2 chroma, saidblending used to generate an improved 4:2:2 chroma.
 18. The system ofclaim 17 wherein said hardware and/or software is controlled by way ofan input, said input indicating the level of motion present in said4:2:2 chroma.
 19. The system of claim 18 wherein said input controlsblending of said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma and said 4:2:2 chroma such thatthe amount of said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma used in said blending increasesas said level of motion decreases.
 20. A system for generating animproved 4:2:2 chroma comprising: hardware operable for, at least:receiving a 4:2:2 chroma; inputting said 4:2:2 chroma into a 4:2:2 to4:2:0 chroma regenerator; selecting an algorithm to be used by said4:2:2 to 4:2:0 chroma regenerator; using said algorithm to regenerate4:2:0 chroma; weaving pixels from top and bottom fields of said 4:2:0chroma to generate a 4:2:0 chroma frame; interpolating values providedby said 4:2:0 chroma frame to generate an adjusted 4:2:2 chroma;inputting said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma and said 4:2:2 chroma into ablending system used for blending two inputs; determining a first amountof said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma and a second amount of said 4:2:2 chromafor said blending; and adding said first and second amounts to generatean improved 4:2:2 chroma.
 21. The system of claim 20 wherein saidalgorithm utilizes the following equations for regenerating said 4:2:0chroma:${A = {{\frac{5}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{8}\beta}}},{B = {{\frac{1}{8}\alpha} + {\frac{7}{8}\beta}}},{C = {{\frac{7}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{1}{8}\phi}}},{D = {{\frac{3}{8}ɛ} + {\frac{5}{8}\phi}}},$wherein A, B, C, and D represent 4:2:2 chroma pixel values, and α, β, ε,and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 22. The system of claim 21wherein said equations are used if said 4:2:2 chroma was generated usinga 2-tap linear interpolator.
 23. The system of claim 20 wherein saidalgorithm utilizes the following equations for regenerating said 4:2:0chroma: $\alpha = {{\frac{3}{4}B_{- 1}} + {\frac{1}{4}A}}$${\beta = {{\frac{3}{4}B} + {\frac{1}{4}A_{+ 1}}}},{ɛ = {{\frac{1}{4}D_{- 1}} + {\frac{3}{4}C}}},{\phi = {{\frac{1}{4}D} + {\frac{3}{4}C_{+ 1}}}},$wherein A, A₊₁, B, B⁻¹, C, C₊₁, and D, D⁻¹, represent 4:2:2 chroma pixelvalues, and α, β, ε, and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 24. Thesystem of claim 20 wherein said determining is based on an input signalfor indicating the level of motion present in said 4:2:2 chroma.
 25. Asystem for processing a received 4:2:2 chroma formatted video to improvethe appearance of displayed video comprising: hardware operable for, atleast: identifying undesirable pixels of said 4:2:2 chroma that arevertically interpolated using chroma associated with vertically distant4:2:0 pixels; and substituting chroma values associated with saidundesirable pixels of said 4:2:2 chroma using a weighted average of oneor more chroma values associated with one or more desirable pixelsassociated with said 4:2:2 chroma.
 26. The system of claim 25 wherein aweight of one or more weights of said weighted average is inverselyproportional to the vertical distance between an undesirable pixel ofsaid undesirable pixels and a desirable pixel of said one or moredesirable pixels.
 27. A system for generating an improved 4:2:2 chromacomprising: hardware operable for, at least: regenerating 4:2:0 chromafrom a 4:2:2 chroma; weaving said 4:2:0 chroma to produce a 4:2:0 chromaframe; interpolating said 4:2:0 chroma frame to generate said adjusted4:2:2 chroma; and adding a determined first level of said 4:2:2 chromato a determined second level of said adjusted 4:2:2 chroma.
 28. Thesystem of claim 27 wherein said interpolating is performed by way ofusing the following equations:${A_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}ɛ} + {\frac{3}{4}\alpha}}},{C_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{1}{4}\phi}}},{B_{new} = {{\frac{1}{4}\alpha} + {\frac{3}{4}\phi}}},{D_{new} = {{\frac{3}{4}\phi} + {\frac{1}{4}\beta}}},$wherein said values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), and D_(new) correspond tosaid adjusted 4:2:2 chroma, said values A_(new), B_(new), C_(new), andD_(new) vertically interpolated from said values α, β, ε, and φ.
 29. Thesystem of claim 27 wherein said regenerating is performed using thefollowing equations:${\alpha = {{\frac{7}{4}A} - {\frac{3}{4}B}}},{\beta = {{\frac{5}{4}B} - {\frac{1}{4}A}}},{ɛ = {{\frac{5}{4}C} - {\frac{1}{4}D}}},{\phi = {{\frac{7}{4}D} - {\frac{3}{4}C}}},$wherein A, B, C, and D represent 4:2:2 chroma pixel values, and α, β, ε,and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.
 30. The system of claim 27wherein said regenerating is performed using the following equations:$\alpha = {{\frac{3}{4}B_{- 1}} + {\frac{1}{4}A}}$${\beta = {{\frac{3}{4}B} + {\frac{1}{4}A_{+ 1}}}},{ɛ = {{\frac{1}{4}D_{- 1}} + {\frac{3}{4}C}}},{\phi = {{\frac{1}{4}D} + {\frac{3}{4}C_{+ 1}}}},$wherein A, A₊₁, B, B⁻¹, C, C₊₁, and D, D⁻¹, represent 4:2:2 chroma pixelvalues, and α, β, ε, and φ represent 4:2:0 chroma pixel values.